Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Sexism: Roots in religion.


The major male dominate in monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam .It have had a profound effect on women's lives, and it‘s influence we can see in the present day.
Sexism, meaning the degrading of women to second class status is rooted in these religions. Woman was supposedly created from Adam's rib. Her role established in the Bible as temptress, whore, foot-washer and domestic servant, unclean during menstruation and untouchable until ritual cleansing after childbirth.
The religions practice overt discrimination against women within their own institutions. They are run by men for men. Christianity has it's female icon, Mary, in the lower ranks where their services are needed women are tolerated within a supposedly celibate environment, to help the male hierarchy and in the past Convents provided 'accommodation' for upper class women away from the hubbub of secular life. It also needs them to perform primary indoctrination for young children and run services that bind people to the church.
Latterly as the difficulty of recruiting enough men to fill the posts of clergy, some religions have bowed to pressure from religious women who want to become priests, but their attitudes to women still prevent many women from having freedom of choice and opportunity.
Healthy family life depends upon the right to choose the number of children that can be supported, by the parents in the environment and conditions in which they live.
The Catholic Church seeks to prevent effective contraception and its policy of banning abortion takes a woman's control over her own body out of her own hands. Even now in Britain decisions are, in the last resort, in the hands of doctors, and where Catholic ideology influences local decisions, facilities are restricted. Catholic doctrine does not only apply to, or affect Catholic women, but all women in countries that bow to the influence of Catholics. Catholic determination to prevent the need for contraception and abortion, leads them to oppose the availability of full and objective information on sexual activity, contraceptive methods, and pregnancy counselling.
They have the misguided and patronising attitude that if women and girls are denied information the problem will go away. They think that the threat of pregnancy will deter women from unprotected sexual intercourse in the first place, and that in the event of unwanted pregnancy independent unbiased counselling about their options will automatically lead to abortion. This leads to all the evils associated with unprotected sex and unwanted pregnancy.
Catholics are at the forefront of a continuing battle against women's rights to choose early safe termination of unwanted pregnancies. In the past thousands if not millions of women have died from late, or septic abortions and multiple pregnancies.



Sunday, April 22, 2007

Laughter


Laughter is an expression or appearance of merriment or amusement. Laughter is a sound that can be heard. It may ensue (as a physiological reaction) from jokes, tickling and other stimuli. Inhaling nitrous oxide can also induce laughter; other drugs, such as cannabis, can also induce episodes of strong laughter. Strong laughter can sometimes bring an onset of tears or even moderate muscular pain as a physical response to the act. Laughter can also be a response to physical touch, such as tickling, or even to moderate pain such as pressure on the ulnar nerve ("funny bone").
Laughing is found to lower blood pressure, reduce stress hormones, increase muscle flexion, and boost immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells, disease-fighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and B-cells, which produce disease-destroying antibodies. Laughter also triggers the release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, and produces a general sense of well-being.
Laughter is infectious. Hospitals around the country are incorporating formal and informal laughter therapy programs into their therapeutic regimens. In countries such as India, laughing clubs -- in which participants gather in the early morning for the sole purpose of laughing -- are becoming as popular as Rotary Clubs in the United States.
Humor is a universal language. It's a contagious emotion and a natural diversion. It brings other people in and breaks down barriers. Best of all it is free and has no known side reactions.
Psychologists say that there are 5 types of laughter.
The first type: cha cha (emphasizing „a“).It is very open, peaceful laugh.It can show naive, funny temper, excellent, careless mood, optimistic and positive attitude.
The second type: che che (emphasizing „e“). It is not very simpatico laugh, sometimes it can be insolent and jealous. However, if this sound „e“ is more open, it is more spiteful laugh and show hate.This laugh always create distance between people.
The third type, when laughing chi chi (emphasizing „i“).It is laugh, which doesn‘t relieve the state of human, and which run away.It is giggle to yourself. This laugh-the mixture of glee and irony, which hide not very good will.
The fourth type: cho cho (emphasizing „o“). This laugh sounds tall or can threat. Sometimes with note of wonder and doubt, sometimes with jeer and protest.
The fifth type: chu chu (emphasizing „u“). It is not a laugh, it is the sound of fear and cowardice.It can hide internal tension, and sometimes panic.
The first type is the healthiest laugh.It can convey joy and satisfaction, real and natural reaction to funny things. This laugh can be loud, silent, muted. It depends on individual temperament, vocal chords and situation.
Just a few generations ago happy healthy humans spent 20 minutes a day or more in laughter. Now adult daily laughtime is down to 5 minutes or less in many countries. This is one of the worst aspects of 'modern life'.

References:
http://www.helpguide.org/life/humor_laughter_health.htm#health
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter
Pictures from http://technorati.com/tag/laughter

Conflicts


Conflict is a state of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterized by physical violence. Military conflict between states may constitute war.
There are some types of conflict: intrapersonal, interpersonal, emotional, group, organizational, community, intra-state (for example: civil wars, election campaigns),international, environmental resources, intersocietal, intra-societal, ideological, diplomatic, economic, military, religious-based (for example: Center For Reduction of Religious-Based Conflict) conflicts.
Causes of Conflict:
Structural Factors (How the company is set up)
*Specialization (The experts in fields)
*Interdependance (A company as a whole can't operate w/o other departments)
*Common Resources (Sharing the same secretary)
*Goal Differences (One person wants production to rise and others want communication to rise)
*Authority Relationships (The boss and employees beneath him/her)
*Status Inconsistencies
*Jurisdicational Ambiguities (Who can discipline who)
Personal Factors:
*Skills and Abilities
*Conflict management style
*Personalities
*Perception
*Values and Ethics
*Emotions
*Communication barriers
*Cultural Differences
Conflict resolution or conflictology is the process of attempting to resolve a dispute or a conflict. Successful conflict resolution occurs by listening to and providing opportunities to meet each side’s needs, and adequately address their interests so that they are each satisfied with the outcome. Conflict resolution aims to end conflicts before they start or lead to verbal, physical or legal fighting.
Conflict management refers to the long-term management of intractable conflicts. It is the label for the variety of ways by which people handle grievances -- standing up for what they consider to be right and against what they consider to be wrong. Those ways include such diverse phenomena as gossip, ridicule, lynching, terrorism, warfare, feuding, genocide, law, mediation, and avoidance. Which forms of conflict management will be used in any given situation can be somewhat predicted and explained by the social structure -- or social geometry -- of the case.
Conflict management is not the same as "conflict resolution." The latter -- conflict resolution -- refers to resolving the dispute to the approval of one or both parties, whereas the former -- conflict management -- concerns an ongoing process that may never have a resolution. For example, gossip and feuds are very common methods of conflict management, but neither entails resolution.
And there are some good advices how to work out conflicts fairly and peacefully:
1.STOP before you lose control of your temper and make the conflict worse.
2.SAY what you feel is the problem. What is causing the disagreement? What do you want
3.LISTEN to the other person‘s ideas and feelings.
4.THINK of solutions that will satisfy both of you.
5.If you still can‘t agree, ask someone else to help you work it out.

References:
http://www.managementhelp.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_management
http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/building/conflict.html
pictures from http://images.google.lt/images